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| The '''BMW E28''' is the second generation of [[wikipedia:BMW_5_Series|BMW 5 Series]] executive cars, which was produced from 1981 to 1988 and replaced the [[wikipedia:BMW_5_Series_(E12)|E12 5 Series]]. Pre-series production began in April 1981 and the car was introduced in the autumn that year. | | The '''BMW E28''' is the second generation of [[wikipedia:BMW_5_Series|BMW 5 Series]] executive cars, which was produced from 1981 to 1988 and replaced the [[wikipedia:BMW_5_Series_(E12)|E12 5 Series]]. Pre-series production began in April 1981 and the car was introduced in the autumn that year. |
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| The E28 was replaced by the [[BMW 5 Series (E34)|E34 5 Series]] in 1988. | | The E28 was replaced by the [[BMW 5 Series (E34)|E34 5 Series]] in 1988. |
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| === [[Body and Interior]] === | | === [[Body]] === |
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| == Engines == | | === [[Interior]] === |
| The E28 was the first 5 Series produced with diesel engines (the 524d and 524td models) and with a petrol engined model specifically aimed at increased fuel economy (525e/528e model).
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| The four models available at the launch of the E28 were the 518, 520i, 525i and 528i,<ref>BMW: [https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/media/cdd55d90-1cc5-4456-a984-4ef3b84ad22e/web 518 520i 525i 528i]. February 1982</ref> with the 518 using a straight-four petrol engine and the other three models using a straight-six petrol engine. Over the course of the E28 model, the following models were added: the 524d and 524td using diesel engines, the 518i (a fuel-injected version of the 518), the 525e/528e as fuel-economy models, and the upper-specification 533i, 535i, M535i, and M5 models.
| | === [[Engines]] === |
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| A liquid petroleum gas (LPG) option was introduced for some petrol engines in 1984.<ref>{{cite web |title=5er BMW mit Autogasanlage |url=https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=6628055 |website=bmw-grouparchiv.de |access-date=22 November 2019 |language=de}}</ref>
| | === [[Electrical]] === |
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| === Petrol === | | === [[Drivetrain]] === |
| {{Multiple image
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| | align = right
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| | direction = vertical
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| | width = 220px
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| | image1 = BMW M20 Engine.JPG
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| | caption1 = [[BMW M20]] straight-six engine
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| | image2 = BMW M5 E28 Minervablau Motorraum.jpg
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| | caption2 = [[BMW M88|BMW M88/3]] straight-six engine
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| }}
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| {| class="wikitable sortable"
| | === [[Suspension]] === |
| ! Model !! Engine !! Power !! Torque !! Fuel supply !! Years
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| |'''518''' || rowspan=2|{{cvt|1766|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}<br>[[BMW M10#M10B18|M10B18]] [[Straight-four engine|I4]] || {{convert|66|kW|PS|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 5500 rpm|| {{convert|140|Nm|lbft|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 4000 rpm || Pierburg 2BE <br/> [[carburettor]] || 1981-1984
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| |'''518i''' || {{convert|77|kW|PS|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 5800 rpm || {{convert|145|Nm|lbft|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 4500 rpm || [[Jetronic#L|L-Jetronic]] || 1981–1987
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| | rowspan="4" | '''520i''' || rowspan="4" |{{cvt|1991|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}<br>[[BMW M20#M20B20|M20B20]] [[Straight-six engine|I6]] || rowspan="2" | {{convert|92|kW|PS|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 5800 rpm || {{convert|165|Nm|lbft|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 4500 rpm || [[Jetronic#K|K-Jetronic]] || 1981–1982
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| | {{convert|170|Nm|lbft|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 4000 rpm || [[Jetronic#L|L-Jetronic]] || 1982-1987
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| |rowspan="2" | {{convert|95|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} <br/> at 6000 rpm || {{convert|174|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} <br/> at 4000 rpm || [[Jetronic#LE|LE-Jetronic]] || 1985-1988
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| | {{convert|164|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} <br/> at 4300 rpm || [[Motronic]] || 1986-1988
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| |'''525i''' || {{cvt|2494|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}<br>[[BMW M30#M30B25|M30B25]] I6 || {{convert|110|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} <br/> at 5500 rpm || {{convert|215|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} <br/> at 4000 rpm || [[Jetronic#L|L-Jetronic]] || 1981–1987
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| | rowspan=4 |'''525e, <br/> 528e'''|| rowspan="4" | {{cvt|2693|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}<br>[[BMW M20#M20B27|M20B27]] I6 || {{convert|92|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} <br/> at 4250 rpm || {{convert|240|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} <br/> at 3250 rpm || [[Motronic]] || 1982–1987
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| |{{convert|90|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} <br/> at 4250 rpm || {{convert|230|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} <br/> at 3250 rpm || [[Jetronic#L|L-Jetronic]], <br/> [[Motronic]] || 1982–1987
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| |{{convert|95|kW|PS|0|abbr=on}} <br/> at 4250 rpm || {{convert|240|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} <br/> at 3250 rpm || [[Motronic]] || 1984–1988
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| | {{convert|88|kW|PS|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 4250 rpm || {{convert|240|Nm|lbft|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 3250 rpm || [[Motronic]] || 1985–1987
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| |'''528i''' || {{cvt|2788|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}<br>[[BMW M30#M30B28|M30]] I6 || {{convert|135|kW|PS|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 5800 rpm || {{convert|240|Nm|lbft|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 4200 rpm || [[Jetronic#L|L-Jetronic]] || 1981–1987
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| |'''533i''' || {{cvt|3210|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}<br>[[BMW M30#M30B32|M30]] I6 || {{convert|135|kW|PS|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 6000 rpm<ref>{{cite web |title=528e, 533i brochure |url=https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/media/abdc109b-ddc2-441b-9701-9438b65de2ac/web |website=www.bmw-grouparchiv.de |publisher=BMW USA |access-date=25 September 2021}}</ref> || {{convert|265|Nm|lbft|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 4000 rpm || [[Motronic]] || 1982–1984
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| | rowspan="2" |'''535i, <br/> M535i''' || rowspan="2" | {{cvt|3430|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}<br>[[BMW M30#M30B34|M30]] I6 || {{convert|160|kW|PS|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 5500 rpm || {{convert|310|Nm|lbft|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 4000 rpm || [[Motronic]] || 1985–1988
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| |{{cvt|182|hp|kW|disp=flip|0}} <br/> at 5400 rpm || {{convert|290|Nm|lbft|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 4000 rpm || [[Motronic]] || 1985–1988 (US)
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| | rowspan=2|'''M5''' || {{cvt|3453|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}<br>[[BMW M88#M88/3|M88/3]] I6 || {{convert|210|kW|PS|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 6500 rpm<ref>[https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3943080 BMW M88/3 Automobilmotor]</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1985 BMW M5 E28 specifications |url=https://www.carfolio.com/bmw-m5-31526 |website=www.carfolio.com |access-date=11 July 2021}}</ref>|| {{convert|340|Nm|lbft|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 4500 rpm|| [[Motronic]] || 1985–1988
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| | {{cvt|3453|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}<br>[[BMW S38#S38B35|S38]] I6 || {{cvt|256|hp|kW|disp=flip|0}} <br/> at 6500 rpm<ref>BMW: [https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3944267 S38B35 Automobilmotor]</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1985 BMW M5 E28 specifications |url=https://www.carfolio.com/bmw-m5-31526 |website=www.carfolio.com |access-date=11 July 2021}}</ref> || {{convert|330|Nm|lbft|abbr=on|0}} <br/> at 4500 rpm || [[Motronic]] || 1986–1988 (US)
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| |}
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| '''518:''' Sold only in some European markets where it suited local tax categories, the 518 was the lowest specification model which used a four-cylinder engine with a [[carburettor|carburetor]]. Factory performance figures for the manual transmission cars are a top speed of {{convert|164|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and 0–100 km/h acceleration in 14.0 seconds.<ref name="E28_518">[https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/media/dd27a20d-f46a-4795-a968-dda29aa39fbd/web 518, 520i, 525i, 528i]. Pages 6 and 50</ref>
| | === [[Brakes]] === |
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| '''518i:''' The base model in Japan and some European countries, the 518i used a fuel-injected four-cylinder engine. Factory performance figures for the manual transmission cars are a top speed of {{convert|175|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and 0–100 km/h acceleration in 12.6 seconds.<ref name="BMW-E28-Betriebsanleitung" /> This version was not sold in West Germany until the 1984 facelift, when it replaced the carburetted 518.
| | === [[M5]] === |
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| '''520i:''' A mid-range model with the smallest of the available six-cylinder engines. Factory performance figures for the manual transmission cars are a top speed of {{convert|190|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and 0–100 km/h acceleration in 11.4 seconds.<ref name="BMW-E28-Betriebsanleitung" />
| | === [[Production]] === |
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| '''525e / 528e:''' The 525e (called 528e in North America and Japan) uses a longer stroke 2.7-litre version of the 6-cylinder [[BMW M20|M20]] petrol engine, is optimised for fuel economy and torque at low engine speed rather than the traditional high revving characteristics of BMW straight-six engines.<ref>{{cite web|title=Curbside Classic: 1984 BMW 528e – The Low Rev Modest Driving Machine|url=http://www.curbsideclassic.com/curbside-classics-european/curbside-classic-1986-bmw-528e-the-low-rev-modest-driving-machine/|website=www.curbsideclassic.com|access-date=15 May 2017}}</ref> The "e" stands for the Greek letter ''eta'', for economy. According to BMW, the 525e is more fuel efficient than the 520i, which has the same rated power of 92 kW.<ref>BMW: ''[https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/media/14f2b16b-55f6-4221-95a2-94dab1671eda/web 525e 525e Katalysator]''. 1985</ref> Since many markets tax cars based on engine displacement, the eta's larger engine meant that it was not suitable everywhere. The model was expressly developed with the American market in mind. BMW's [[corporate average fuel economy]] was at risk of not meeting requirements by 1984, primarily due to higher sales of their bigger, more expensive cars in the early 1980s.<ref name=AG941>{{cite magazine | ref = AG94 | magazine = De AutoGids | number = 94 | volume = 4 | page = 130 | title = BMW: Met de ETA op de zuinige tor | trans-title = BMW: With Eta on an economy run | first = Vic | last = Heylen | language = nl | date = 1983-04-28 | publisher = Uitgeverij Auto-Magazine | location = Brussels, Belgium }}</ref> In Austria, the 525e was detuned to {{convert|88|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}.
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| Factory performance figures for the manual transmission cars without a catalytic converter are a top speed of {{convert|190|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and 0–100 km/h acceleration in 10.7 seconds. With a catalytic converter, the figures are a top speed of {{convert|188|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and 0–100 km/h acceleration in 11.3 seconds<ref name="BMW-E28-Betriebsanleitung" />
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| '''525i:''' This mid-range model is powered by a 2.5-litre 6-cylinder engine. The 525i was only sold in Europe. Factory performance figures for the manual transmission cars are a top speed of {{convert|201|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and 0–100 km/h acceleration in 9.8 seconds.<ref name="BMW-E28-Betriebsanleitung" />
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| '''528i:''' Initially the highest specification available, the 6-cylinder 528i became a mid-range model following the release of the 533i and 535i models. Factory performance figures for the manual transmission cars are a top speed of {{convert|215|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and 0–100 km/h acceleration in 8.4 seconds.<ref name="BMW-E28-Betriebsanleitung" />
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| '''533i:'''
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| Only sold in Japan and North America,<ref>{{cite web|title=BMW E28 5 Series 533i (US) Specs|url=https://www.ultimatespecs.com/car-specs/BMW/1408/BMW-E28-5-Series-533i-(US).html|website=www.ultimatespecs.com|access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=1984 BMW 533i E28 specifications|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=227689|website=www.carfolio.com|access-date=2 July 2017}}</ref> the 6-cylinder 533i was the highest specification model during its production years of 1983–1984. It was replaced by the 535i.
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| '''535i/is:''' Released in 1984, the 535i replaced the 533i and uses the same 6-cylinder drivetrain as the M535i. In the US there was also a 535is model, which included sport seats and spoilers at the front and rear. Factory performance figures for the manual transmission cars without a catalytic converter are a top speed of {{convert|225|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and 0–100 km/h acceleration in 7.2 seconds. With a catalytic converter, the figures are a top speed of {{convert|212|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and 0–100 km/h acceleration in 7.9 seconds<ref name="BMW-E28-Betriebsanleitung" />
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| [[File:1986 BMW M535i (E28) sedan (2015-06-04) 01.jpg|thumb|right|M535i]]
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| '''M535i:''' The top of the regular production model range, the M535i uses the drivetrain from the 535i plus M-Technic suspension, and wheels and body panels not found on any other E28. The M535i was assembled on the standard E28 assembly lines in Dingolfing and Rosslyn. Factory performance figures for the manual transmission cars without a catalytic converter are a top speed of {{convert|230|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and 0–100 km/h acceleration in 7.2 seconds. With a catalytic converter, the figures are a top speed of {{convert|217|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and 0–100 km/h acceleration in 7.9 seconds<ref name="BMW-E28-Betriebsanleitung" />
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| {{clear right}}
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| === Diesel ===
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| [[File:BMW_E28_engine_2_16.09_JM.jpg|thumb|right|[[BMW M21]] straight-six engine]]
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| {| class="wikitable sortable"
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| ! Model !! Engine !! Power !! Torque !! Aspiration !! Years
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| |'''524d''' || rowspan=2|2.4 L [[BMW M21|M21]] <br/> straight-6 || {{cvt|86|PS|kW|order=flip|0}} <br/> at 4600 rpm || {{cvt|152|Nm|lbft|0}} <br/> at 2500 rpm || [[Naturally aspirated engine|naturally <br/> aspirated]] || 1985–1987
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| |'''524td''' || {{cvt|115|PS|kW|order=flip|0}} <br/> at 4800 rpm || {{cvt|210|Nm|lbft|0}} <br/> at 2400 rpm || [[turbocharger|turbocharged]] || 1983–1988
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| '''524d:''' At the 1986 [[Geneva Motor Show]], four years after the introduction of the more powerful 524td model, the naturally-aspirated 524d model was introduced.<ref name="AR87">{{cite book | title = Automobil Revue 1987 | editor-last = Büschi | editor-first = Hans-Ulrich | publisher = Hallwag AG | location = Berne, Switzerland | language = de, fr | volume = 82 | date = March 5, 1987 | isbn = 3-444-00458-3 }}</ref>{{rp|188,190}} It was only sold in some markets.<ref name="AR87" />{{rp|191}}
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| '''524td:''' This [[turbodiesel]] model was the first diesel car produced by BMW. It entered production in late 1982, when 100 pre-series cars were built.<ref name="AK84">{{cite book | title = Auto Katalog 1984 | editor-last = Heitz | editor-first = Rudolf | publisher = [[:de:Motor Presse Stuttgart|Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG]] | location = Stuttgart | page = 242 | volume = 27 | language = de | year = 1983 }}</ref> Factory performance figures for the manual transmission cars are a top speed of {{convert|180|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and 0–100 km/h acceleration in 12.9 seconds.<ref name="BMW-E28-Betriebsanleitung" />
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| == Drivetrain ==
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| BMW offered the E28 with both manual and automatic gearboxes. The torque is transmitted from the engine with a single-disc dry clutch with a torsional damper in the models with a manual gearbox, the automatic models have a torque converter with built in lockup-clutch.<ref name="BMW-E28-Betriebsanleitung" />
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| ;Manual transmissions
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| The 5-speed manual transmissions are:<ref>{{cite web|title=5' E28 model selection|url=http://www.realoem.com/bmw/en/select?product=P&archive=1&series=E28&body=Lim|website=www.realoem.com}}</ref>
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| * [[Getrag]] 242 (for M10 and M20 engine models)
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| * Getrag 262 (M30 engines)
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| The 5-speed manual transmissions are:
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| * Getrag 240 (M10 and M21 engines)
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| * Getrag 245 (M10 engines)
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| * [[Getrag 260 transmission|Getrag 260]] (M20, M21 and M30 engines)
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| * Getrag 265 (M30 engines and 525e/528e)
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| * Getrag 280 (M88/3 and S38 engines)
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| * [[List of ZF transmissions|ZF]] S5-16 (M20 engines)
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| ;Automatic transmissions
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| The 3-speed automatic transmissions are:
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| * [[ZF 3HP22 transmission|ZF 3HP22]] (M20 and M30 engines, US market only)
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| The 4-speed automatic transmissions are:
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| * [[ZF 4HP22 transmission|ZF 4HP22]] (M10, M20, M21)
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| * [[ZF 4HP22 transmission|ZF 4HP22]] EH (M20, M30)
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| == Suspension ==
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| Independent front and rear suspension is used, with [[Macpherson strut]]s at the front and a [[trailing arm#Semi-trailing arm|semi-trailing arm]] design for the rear.<ref name="BMW-E28-Betriebsanleitung">{{citation|publisher=BMW AG |title=Betriebsanleitung, Serviceheft 518, 520i, 525e, 525i, 528i, 535i, M535i, 524td |date=1985 |language=de |url=https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3058985 |access-date=20 February 2017}}</ref>
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| The front suspension was upgraded to use dual links at the bottom of the strut, as first seen on the [[BMW 7 Series (E23)|E23 7 Series]]. This increases steering offset while cornering, to improve steering feel.<ref name="noakes">{{cite book|last1=Noakes|first1=Andrew|title=The Ultimate History of BMW|date=2008}}</ref>{{refpage|page=106}} Double-acting shock absorbers, coil springs and a front [[anti-roll bar]] are used.
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| The rear suspension is mounted on a delta beam that is connected to the body with three screws in rubber bearings, that have longitudinal play.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} Some models have a rear anti-roll bar.<ref name="BMW-E28-Betriebsanleitung" />
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| The steering on most models is a speed-dependent [[recirculating ball]] power steering system made by ZF Friedrichshafen. The 518i has a Gemmer steering system with a double enveloping worm gear, also made by ZF.<ref name="BMW-E28-Betriebsanleitung" />
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| Wheel sizes are 14-inch (16-inch for the M5 model) or 390 mm [[Michelin TRX]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=James|title=BMW M5- The Complete Story|date=2015}}</ref>{{refpage|page=44}}<ref>{{cite web|title=1981 BMW E28 5 Series 525i Specs|url=http://www.ultimatespecs.com/car-specs/BMW/230/BMW-E28-5-Series-525i.html|website=www.ultimatespecs.com|access-date=21 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=1984 BMW E28 5 Series 535i Specs|url=http://www.ultimatespecs.com/car-specs/BMW/1409/BMW-E28-5-Series-535i.html|website=www.ultimatespecs.com|access-date=21 November 2017}}</ref> All rims have 22 mm positive rim offset.<ref name="BMW-E28-Betriebsanleitung" />
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| == Brakes ==
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| The brakes use a hydraulic dual-circuit brake system with power assistance. The front wheels have disc brakes, that are – except for the 518i<!--518 and 524d as well?--> – internally ventilated. All models with 2.5 L or more displacement have rear disc brakes (non-vented), while the lesser powered models have rear drum brakes. To prevent the wheels from locking, BMW equipped the E28 after 1984 with an [[anti-lock braking system]], although it was an option in some markets.<ref name="BMW-E28-Betriebsanleitung" />
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| == M5 model ==
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| [[File:BMW M5 E28 Minervablau.jpg|thumb|right|M5 model]]
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| {{main|BMW M5#E28 M5 (1984–1988)}}
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| The E28 was the first M5 model produced, and is powered by the [[BMW M88|M88/3]] and [[BMW S38|S38]] straight-six engines.
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| {{clear right}}
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| == North American market models ==
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| [[File:BMW-535is.jpg|thumb|right|BMW 535is (North America)]]
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| [[File:M5sig (E28).jpg|thumb|North American M5 fitted with European market headlights]]
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| The North American line-up consisted of the '''528e''' (1982–1988, known as the 525e in Europe), '''533i''' (1983–1984), '''535i''' (1985–1988), '''524td''' (1985–1986), '''M5''' (1986–1987) and '''535is''' (1987–1988).
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| The launch model was the 528e in 1982, followed by the 533i.<ref>{{cite web|title=1984 BMW 533i E28 Specifications|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=227689|website=www.carfolio.com|access-date=22 November 2017}}</ref> The optional automatic transmission was initially a 3-speed (a 4-speed automatic was available in Europe at the time), with a 4-speed automatic transmission becoming optional in 1983. From 1985, all North American models had ABS Brakes as standard.
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| The North American E28 models had larger bumpers (designed to withstand a {{convert|5|mph|abbr=on}} collision without body damage), which increased the overall length by {{convert|180|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}
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| The 528i, 533i and 535i were sold with a [[catalytic converter]] in the United States.
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| Instead of importing the M535i, BMW of North America created the 535is.<ref>{{cite web|title=1985 BMW E28 5 Series 535is (US) Specs|url=http://www.ultimatespecs.com/car-specs/BMW/1413/BMW-E28-5-Series-535is-(US).html|website=www.ultimatespecs.com|access-date=22 November 2017}}</ref> This model is based on a 535i, plus front and rear spoilers, sport suspension and sport seats.
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| Production of North American market M5 models began in late 1986 (two years after M5 production began for European markets), and it was only produced for twelve months as 1988 [[model year]] car.<ref>{{cite web|title=1988 BMW M5 values|url=https://www.hagerty.com/apps/ValuationTools/1988-BMW-M5|website=www.hagerty.com|access-date=24 October 2017}}</ref> North American M5 models use the S38 engine instead of the M88/3.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=James|title=BMW M5 - The Complete Story|date=2015|isbn=978-1-78500-045-4}}</ref>{{refpage|page=37}} All North American M5 cars were painted Jet Black and most interiors were tan ("Natur") coloured leather.<ref>{{cite web|title=FAQ E28 M5|url=https://www.bmwmregistry.com/model_faq.php?id=7|website=www.bmwmregistry.com|access-date=24 October 2017}}</ref> | |
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| == Production ==
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| E28 production started in July 1981 and ended in December 1987.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=James|title=BMW M5: The Complete Story|date=February 2016|publisher=The Crowood Press UK|location=Ramsbury, Marlborough Wiltshire|isbn=978-1785000461|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1785000462|access-date=20 March 2017}}</ref> A total of 722,328 cars were built.<ref name=DeAutos45bis90Oswald>{{cite book |last=Oswald |first=Werner |title= Deutsche Autos 1945–1990, Band 4, 1. Auflage|year=2001 |publisher=Motorbuch Verlag |location=Stuttgart |isbn=3-613-02131-5}}</ref>
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| The E28 was still sold in North America as a 1988 Model Year car after its E34 successor had been released in Europe in early 1988. A limited edition model was also sold in South Africa from mid-1987 to the end of 1988.<ref>{{cite web|title=M5 E28|url=http://www.africanmusclecars.com/index.php/bmw/m5-e28|website=www.africanmusclecars.com|access-date=16 December 2013}}</ref>
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